Web Reference: Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay. Atoms can gain or lose energy when an electron moves from a higher to a lower orbit around the nucleus. Splitting the nucleus of an atom, however, releases considerably more energy than that of an electron returning to a lower orbit from a higher one. Splitting an atom is called nuclear fission, and the repeated splitting of atoms in fission is called a chain reaction. Nuclear fission is carried out in power plants in order to create energy. Scientists split atoms in order to study atoms and the smaller parts they break into. This is not a process that can be carried out at home. You can only do nuclear fission in a laboratory or nuclear plant that is properly equipped. A simulation by US theoretical physicists has provided the first fully microscopic characterization of the moment an atom snips in two, revealing fresh insights into an energetic event that came to define a new age in science and technology.
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